Here are 20 basic Ceachtanna (Lessons) based on the 20 lines of Avicii Vs Lurgan – “Wake Me Up” as Gaeilge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A6__HssHW8
Lesson 1: Adjectives Lesson 2: Double Negatives Lesson 3: To Have
Lesson 4: Sound changes Lesson 5: To Tell Lesson 6: Proverbs
Lesson 7: Verb Endings Lesson 8: Silent Letters Lesson 9: On Lesson 10: To
Lesson 11: Gender Lesson 12: Whatever Lesson 13: The ‘s / of Lesson 14: Only
Lesson 15: …ing Lesson 16: Adverbs Lesson 17: While Lesson 18: Against
Lesson 19: This + That Lesson 20: Onward!
Teachers, feel free to use them at will. Students, you can use them to learn on your own.
Note: As the song was sung in Conamara Irish, those are the sounds represented here and the method is an approximation. Listen to the audio and, if you can, to a teacher.
NOTE: o is pronounced as the o in orange while ó is pronounced as the o in only
ch is a short throaty sound
ENJOY
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Lesson 1. Adjectives
The first words in Line 1. of the song are Fáinne fí.
Fáinne means circle and Fí means vicious.
But in English it’s A vicious circle. The order is different. From this we learn that adjectives come after the noun. Let’s practice that. We’ll need some vocabulary. Also, there is no word for a in Irish. It’s just understood.
Noun Adjective
girl: cailín (coleen) nice: deas (das)
boy: buachaill (boo-chul) good: maith (mo*) *o as in orange
person: duine (di-ne) kind: lách (lawch)
woman: bean (ban) young: óg (óg) *o as in only
man: fear (far) noble: uasal (oo-sul)
house: teach (toch) big: mór (mór) * o as in only
school: scoil (skul) new: nua (noo-a)
Can you read and understand these?
cailín deas, buachaill maith, duine lách, bean óg, fear uasal, teach mór, scoil nua
Translate:
a nice girl, a good boy, a kind person, a young woman, a noble man, a big house, a new school
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_CPCJBBmgQ
Now try translating:
a big school, a young girl, a noble woman, a kind boy, a good man
How did you do?
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Lesson 2. Double Negatives
Line 2 of the song is (Níl) ‘tada riamh nach mbíonn thart. There’s nothing ever that isn’t finished. In other words: There’s nothing ever without an end. From this we learn that double negatives are allowed in Irish. Let’s have a look at another example of this and get some more vocabulary so we can practice it.
Example: I didn’t say nothing (anything). Ní dúirt mé faic. or Ní dúirt mé tada.
Vocabulary
not: ní (nee)
said: dúirt (doo-rt)
I: mé (may)
nothing: faic (fwak) or tada (to-du) *o as in orange
Practice changing the example:
I didn’t say nothing (anything). Ní dúirt mé faic. or Ní dúirt mé tada.
Try replacing the underlined verb dúirt with another verb from the list below
did: dhearna (yarna)
saw: fhaca (oka)
got: bhfuair (woor)
Translate: I didn’t do anything. I didn’t see anything. I didn’t get anything. I didn’t say anything.
Ní dhearna mé faic. or Ní dhearna mé tada.
Ní fhaca mé faic. / Ní fhaca mé tada.
Ní bhfuair mé faic. / Ní bhfuair mé tada.
Ní dúirt mé faic. / Ní dúirt mé tada
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUpweGz7bJw
Note: For most other verbs you will use Níor (Neer) instead of Ní when using negatives in the past tense. Níor chuala mé tada = I didn’t hear anything. Ní is used for irregular verbs in the past. Níor is used for the regular verbs.
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Lesson 3. How To Use the Verb – To Have
Conjugation of Prepositions i)
‘Diabhail fhios ‘am means I’ve no clue. The word ‘am is short for agam which literally is ‘at me’ but means ‘I have.’ Something is at me therefore is the irish equivalent of I have something. What a lovely thought. ♫ Imagine no possessions. It’s easy if you try. ♫ ‘At me’ is two words in English but one word in Irish. Let’s practice that and how to use the verb To have.
First you need to know how to conjugate At. Yes, we conjugate prepositions!
At: Ag (eg)
at me: agam (ogum)
at you: agat (ogut)
at him: aige (egge)
at her: aici (ekee)
at us: againn (og-in)
at you guys: agaibh (og-iv)
at them: acu (o-koo)
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10X2jQiNYYk
Then you need the verb To be for descriptions.
The word we need in the present tense is
Tá: (taw)
The construction will be Tá __ something___ agam.
So we need vocabulary for that something in the middle.
Vocabulary
time: am (om) * o as in orange
friend: cara (co-ra) * o as in orange
chance: seans (shans)
bag: mála (mawla)
money: airgead (arigid) * hard g – not a j sound
but: ach (och)
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4VCu8Bfb_Y
Try saying ‘I have time’ in Irish.
Tá am agam.
If you want to make it negative use Níl (Neel) instead of Tá.
Try translating the following:
a) I have a bag. I don’t have money.
To connect them with the word but use ach (och).
b) I have a friend but I don’t have money.
c) I have time but I don’t have a chance.
Check the answers: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JoO_CGL4_E
Try using different combinations to make new sentences such as He has a chance etc. ___________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 4 Combinations of Letters (The Urú)
Line four of the song has the phrase ar an mbealach (er o maloch) on the way. The original word was bealach. In a combination of to the, from the, on the etc. the final n of the word the (an) changes the beginning of the next word. Even though the original letter b of bealach is shown in mbealach, it is only there to remind you what the original word was. It is not pronounced. Let’s just practice words with b for now.
Variation: In Northern Irish there’s a h after the first letter instead – ar an bhóthar
Vocabulary Phrases
Table: bord (bórd) o as in only at the: ag an ( eg on)
Road: bóthar (bóhur) o as in only on the: ar an (er on)
Bus: bus (bus) with the: leis an (lesh on)
Box: bosca (buska) in the: insan ( ins-on)
Desk: binse (bin-sheh) from the: as an (os on)
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2D02urKYNY
Remember that even though we write a b in this combination, it is not pronounced.
We could start these sentences with Tá sé (taw shay) meaning It is.
Practice saying and then translate:
Tá sé ar an mbus.
Tá sé ag an mbinse.
Tá sé insan mbosca.
Translate:
It is under the desk.
It is on the road.
It is with the box on the table.
Check the sounds and answers: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNiDf4mhBnE
Play with other combinations. Good luck.
Teachers, please feel free to use this model to expand the lesson to include words beginning with g ► ng, p►bp, t►dt, d►nd etc.
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Lesson 5 How to say To Tell using With
In line 5 of the song is the phrase Deir siad liom (Der sheed lum) which means They tell me. Liom literally means ‘with me.’ That’s two words in English but just one word in Irish. Like the other prepositions, it can be conjugated. Here’s how it works.
Le
liom (lum): with me
leat (lat): with you
leis (lesh): with him
léi (layee): with her
linn (lin): with us
libh (liv): with you guys
leo (ló) [* o as in only]: with them
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_nmimvnAf8
Now we need pronouns.
Mé (may): I
Tú (too): You
Sé (shay): He
Sí (shee): She
Muid (Mwid): We
Sibh (siv) : You guys
Siad (sheed): They
dul (dul): to go
abhaile (ah- wo-lye): home
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAiSDAd9mWY
In English we make a distinction between someone talking to you and someone talking at you. To you sounds more polite. With you is even more polite and that’s the Irish way. Say with me is equivalent to Tell me.
Practice sentences:
He told me to go home. Note: Put the verb ‘told’ Dúirt (doo -irt) first.
Answer:
a) Dúirt sé liom dul abhaile.
Now try saying
b) She told them to go home.
c) They told us to go home.
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wy-2kc9eWjg
Play with other combinations. Have fun
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Lesson 6 Old Sayings
Seanfhocail are old sayings and there is a reference to one in line 6 of the song:
Nach dtagann ciall roimh aois. (That) wisdom doesn’t come before you’re old.
The original version is Ní thagann ciall roimh aois. Wisdom doesn’t come before age.
Let’s learn that and two more Seanfhocail:
1. Ní thagann ciall roimh aois. (Nee hogon keel riv eesh.)
2. Is glas iad na cnoic i bhfad uainn. (Is glos eed na krik i wod wen)
3. Ní bhíonn saoi gan locht. (Nee veeon see gon lucht)
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cGuJrC_8zo
#1.means Wisdom does not come before age. Wisdom comes with age.
#2. means It’s green are the hills far from us. Far away hills look greener.
#3. means There isn’t a wise man without a fault. No one is perfect.
Try to memorize these sayings and use them when appropriate to give advice or consolation to someone.
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Lesson 7 Verb Endings
Ní léir cén fhad a mhairfidh sé.
Who knows how long it’s gonna last.
Mair = Last/ Endure
Past Present Future
Add h after 1st letter (Mh►w) Add eann (on) Add fidh (hee)
Mhair mé Mairim Mairfidh mé
Mhair tú Maireann tú Mairfidh tú
Mhair sé /sí Maireann sé /sí Mairfidh sé /sí
Mhair muid (or Mhaireamar) Mairimid Mairfimid
Mhair sibh Maireann sibh Mairfidh sibh
Mhair siad Maireann siad Mairfidh siad
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3XqAmUxIjg
Teachers, please feel free to model another verb on this with examples of ann and faidh in the present and future.
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Line 8 Silent Letters
Line 8 of the song is ‘Sé togha ar aon chaoi. It’s brilliant, anyway. The sound of the gh in togha is lost. Letter combinations like gh dh and th are often lost and that makes reading words much easier when you know what you can leave out.
At the ends of words
igh silent ith silent dh silent
Chuaigh ► chua Ith ► i Rachaidh ► rochee
Cheannaigh ► chyanna Maith ► mo * o as in orange Mairfidh ► morhee *
Thosaigh ► husa Sraith ► sra Rugadh ► rugu
Try reading: Chuaigh mé amach ach thosaigh sé ag cur báistí.
(I went out but it started raining.)
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScOBrXzUA44
Try other sentences such as Cheannaigh mé mála etc. Be creative.
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Lesson 9 Conjugation Prepositions ii) On (Ar)
Line 9 of the song has the phrase suan ‘tá orm. slumber on me. It really means I have and not ‘on me.’ Just as ‘at me’ is used for possessions of things (Tá airgead agam.) ‘on me’ is used for the possession of conditions such as tiredness, sickness, cold, heat, happiness etc.
Tá áthas orm literally means I have happiness on me. It simply means I’m happy.
The construction is Tá ___ something __ orm.
Orm is two words in English and one word in Irish. We conjugate prepositions.
Vocabulary Ar means On. Here is its conjugation:
tuirse (tir-she): tiredness orm (urm): on me
brón (brón) * o as in only: sadness ort (urt): on you
áthas (awhus): happiness air (er): on him
fearg (farug): anger uirthi (erhee): on her
ocras (ukrus): hunger orainn (urin): on us
ionadh (eenoo): wonder oraibh (uriv): on you guys
bród (bród) * o as in only: pride orthu (urhoo): on them
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbkrHtyEXg0
Try translating:
I’m hungry. He is tired. She is angry. They are surprised. We are proud. You are happy
Check the answers: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92IGtn0TPiQ
Make more sentences if you can.
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Lesson 10 Conjugation of Prepositions iii) To (Do)
Line 10 of the song is (Tai)speáin dom bóthar éasca cothrom. Show to me a fair and easy road. By now you know that the ‘to me’ in English becomes one word in Irish and that prepositions are conjugated. Here is the preposition dó which means To do.
Conjugation of Do Vocabulary
dom (dum): to me seo (sho) * o as in orange: Here is
duit (dit): to you peann (pyon): pen
dó (dó) * o as in only: (to him) bia (bee-ah): food
di (dee): to her uisce (ishke): water
dúinn (doo-in): to us bronntanas (bruntunus): gift
daoibh (deev): to you guys seans (shans): chance
dóibh (dóv) * o as in only: to them úll (ool): apple
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9b7dyQzYDs
The construction is Seo ____________something____________ duit.
There is no need for the word a. It is understood.
Here is a gift for you ►
a) Seo bronntanas duit.
Try to make more sentences.
b) Here is an apple for him.
c) Here is a pen for her.
d) Here is a chance for you.
e) Here is (some) water for them.
f) Here is (some) food for us.
Note: The word ‘some’ is not translated. It is understood.
Answers
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYi97lG-Wfg
Can you think of any more sentences?
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Lesson 11 Gender of nouns
Line 11 of the song declared ‘Sí m’aidhm. That’s my goal. Nouns have gender. Aim is feminine. So instead of It’s my aim, it’s ‘She’s my aim.’ So not only people or animals have gender but things do too. This is true in many other languages too.
Here are some guidelines to get you started on how to recognize which words are feminine and which are masculine.
Feminine Words
- Rivers (except An Sulán)
- Countries (except Sasana, Ceanada, Meiriceá)
- Languages (except Béarla)
- Multi-syllable words ending in acht and words ending in ach except derivatives (e.g. báisteach = rain )
- Words ending in áil, aíl, eog, óg, lann
Masculine Words
- Professions
- Words ending in ín
- Two-syllable words ending in a (mála)
- Derivatives using ach (Éireannach, Caitliceach etc.)
- One syllable words ending in cht
So what does this mean for you. Well
1. It becomes He or She.
Examples:
Bhí mé ar an Life. Tá sí go hálainn. I was on the Liffey (river). She is lovely.
Seo é an mála nua. Tá sé go hálainn. Here is the new bag. He is lovely.
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9W4r5xoJN3A
Of course we would not translate these as he or she in English. We would say, ‘It is lovely.’
Can you tell which words are masculine and which are feminine?
a) a) Múinteoir (moon-tyór) * o as in only Teacher
b) b) Éire (ayr- eh) * ay as in day Ireland
c) c) Cailín (coleen) * o as in orange Girl
d) d) Spáinnis (Spawnish) Spanish
e) e) Fuinneog (Fwinyóg) * o as in only Window
f) f) Bata (botu) Stick
g) g) Deatach (Dyatoch) Smoke
h) h) Leabharlann (low*erlun) * ow as in how Library
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvqCWFTYnX4
Answer c) is going to mess with your head a little. The guideline says that if it ends in ín, it’s masculine. Cailín ends in ín so it’s masculine. One small point of confusion is that the word actually means Girl and Yes, it’s masculine!
Answers:
m = masculine f = feminine
a) m b) f c) m d) f e) f f) m g) m h) f
2. You add a h to adjectives if the noun is feminine
Do you remember Lesson 1? We studied…
cailín deas, buachaill maith, duine lách, bean óg, fear uasal, teach mór, scoil nua etc.
The rule for feminine words (such as Bean) with adjectives is that you add a h after the first letter of the adjective (as long as the first letter is a consonant). We had this change before for the past tense, remember?
We call this change – the added h – a séimhiú (shayv -oo).
So if you want to say A good woman, it becomes Bean mhaith (not Bean maith).
The mh sound is w so it sounds like Ban wo *o as in orange.
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Lesson 12 Whatever!
Whenever, However …
Line 12 of the song is Cibé treo atá i ndán ‘Whichever way is meant for me.’
Cibé is a useful word that means Whatever or Whichever
Use it with
am (on) time, áit (awt) place, treo (tró) * o as in only direction, ceann (kyon) one
Try it in a conversation
A: Céard a cheapann tú? (Kayrd a chya-pun too) What do you think?
B: Cibé ___________ is fearr leat. (Kibé ___ is far lat). Whichever ___ you prefer.
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6THxNDyuDbk
You could also say Whichever one you like: Cibé ceann is fearr leat.
Is fearr leat means Is preferable with you. (You prefer)
Is maith leat means Is good with you. (You like)
You can start sentences with these phrases too.
Is maith leat Gaeilge (gayl-gu) = You like Irish.
If you want to change that to I like we need to conjugate Le (with)
liom (lum): with me
leat (lat): with you
leis (lesh): with him
léi (lay-ee): with her
linn (lin): with us
libh (liv): with you guys
leo (ló): with them
So to say I like Irish you would say…?
Answer: Is maith liom Gaeilge.
Try saying She prefers Irish.
Did you get it?
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Lesson 13 Genitive (of / ‘s)
Line 13 of the song is (Tá) mé ag iompar ualach mór an tsaoil. I’m carrying life’s big burden. There is no ’s in Irish (just as in Spanish) so we use ‘of’ instead.
How?
i) Add i or e to add of to a word.
One way to add of (possession) to a word in Irish is to add the letters i or e (the magic letters). These are the letters with the power to change letter sounds in English ci►si, ge►je etc. In Irish the letters i and e change the s►sh (Seán – Shawn) and here in this lesson they combine with words to change their meaning by adding of to them.
How does it work?
Let’s start by looking at the phrase in the song: ualach mór an tsaoil. It was translated as the big burden of life but word for word it was burden big the of-life. Remember that big burden becomes burden big (Lesson 1 – order of the adjectives).
So Life’s burden ► The burden of life
Ualach an tsaoil = Burden the of-life. (Life’s burden)
The word life (saol) gets changed to a combination word of-life. There is no word of-life in English, of course. Saol ►tsaoil. This new word tsaoil now has the word of built into it. That’s what changed the spelling. It’s like the word of crashed into the noun and changed it. For now we are focusing on the extra i.
If the word begins with s and is masculine you will need to add a t before it also.
Add i:
ór = gold ► óir = of-gold eg. dún an óir (the fort of gold)
eolas = knowledge ►eolais = of-knowledge eg. tobar an eolais (a well of knowledge)
amhrán = song ► amhráin = of-song eg. deireadh an amhráin (the end of the song)
saol = life ► tsaoil = of-life eg. ualach an tsaoil (the burden of life)
samhradh = summer ►tsamhraidh = of-summer eg. tús an tsamhraidh (the beginning of summer)
Did you see how the i got added in just before the last consonants?
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZdiXJli75U
Note that these words did not have the letter i in them in the original form
Add e:
If the word is feminine the word an ► na
If the word begins with s but is feminine you do not add a t before it.
páirc = park ► páirce = of-park eg. stair na páirce (the history of the park)
spéir = sky ► spéire = of-sky eg. áilleacht na spéire (the beauty of the sky)
sráid = street ► sráide = of-street eg. bun na sráide ( the bottom of the street)
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiPRX20fTYA
These words did have the letter i in them in the originally, so we added e instead of i.
Vocabulary:
Ceol (music)
Doras (door)
Barr (top)
Carr (car)
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH80XnTxgZM
Challenge: translate
a) The top of the street
b) The car door (the door of the car)
c) The beginning of the song
d) The beauty of life
e) The history of gold
f) The beauty of the park
g) The music of the song
How did you do?
Check the sounds and answers: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzbg1IVfUPA
This is your first step in the lesson on ‘s or of (possession) in Irish.
Please note that
ii) Not all the words change by the power of i and e. Sometimes it’s a h that does it.
baile = town ►bhaile = of-town eg. lár an bhaile (the center of the town)
bia = food ► bhia = of-food eg praghas an bhia (the price of the food)
Add h if the word is a proper noun like a name of a person or a name of a place
Eg. Coláiste Bhríde (Brigid’s College)
iii) And sometimes you add a h and an a.
múinteoir = teacher ► mhúinteora = of-teacher eg. leabhar an mhúinteora (the teacher’s book)
fiaclóir = dentist ►fhiaclóra = of-dentist eg. iníon an fhiaclóra (the dentist’s daughter)
Bonus: Watch the film Iníon an Fhiaclóra here http://www.thisisirishfilm.ie/shorts/inion-an-fhiaclora
There is more to learn and more ways to change words
but for now focus on the i and e and get used to them before you move on.
I recommend getting a copy of Teach Yourself Essential Irish Grammar.
Chapter 3 of it covers this topic well.
Teachers: decide how you want to introduce this topic. Do you want to do exceptions first or do you want to cover prepositional phrases at the same time? Try to introduce one element at a time and review often.
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Lesson 14: Only
Line 14 of the song is Ach níl ‘am ach péire lámh. But I only have two hands
To say I have only … you say I don’t have but… Remember that ‘am is short for agam and that it means at me. Remember that to say I have something, you say Something is at me. Right then, here’s how we construct a sentence with only.
I only have a couple of euros ►
I don’t have but a couple of euros ►
Níl agam ach cúpla euro.
So we will use the structure: Níl agam ach …
Vocabulary:
peann amháin (pyon awawn): one pen
nóiméad
cúpla nóiméad (koopla nómayd): a couple of minutes
seans amháin (shans awawn): one chance
an ticéad seo (on tikayd sho): this ticket
teanga amháin (tyonga awawn): one language
gabh mo leithscéal (go mu leshkayl): excuse me
ach (och): but
led’ thoil (led hul): please
réidh: (ray): ready
ar aghaidh linn (er I lin): off we go
Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFARN4jb41E
Comhrá / Conversation:
A. Peann led’ thoil
B: Gabh mo leithscéal ach níl agam ach peann amháin.
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A. Ticéad led’ thoil.
B. Gabh mo leithscéal ach níl agam ach an ticéad seo.
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A. Bhfuil Spáinnis agat?
B. Gabh mo leithscéal ach níl agam ach teanga amháin.
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A. ‘Bhfuil tú réidh?
B. Níl ach níl agam ach seans amháin. Ar aghaidh linn.
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Check the sounds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NStLFOjPEus
Did you understand it all?
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Lesson 15 …ing
Line 15 of the song is Súile troma is an ghrian ag dul faoi. Eyes heavy and the sun (is) going under. We looked at one present tense already. It was the ending …ann. That’s the simple present. When you want to say that something is happening right now you use ag + verb+ adh (sometimes).
This time I want to give you the irregular verbs first.
The good news is that there are only 11 irregular verbs and their …ing forms
The word in the dictionary (infinitive) is ….ing
- Abair (obir): to say ag (eg) rá (raw)
- Beir (ber): to catch /hold ag breith (bre)
- Bí (bee): to be ag bheith (ve)
- Clois (clush): to hear ag cloisteáil (clushtawl)
- Déan (dayn): to do ag déanamh (daynuv)
- Faigh (fa-ee): to get ag fáil (fawl)
- Feic (fek): to see [a popular verb] ag feiceáil (fekawl)
- Ith (i): to eat ag ithe (i-heh)
- Tabhair (toor): to give ag tabhairt (toort)
- Tar (tor): to come ag teacht (tocht_
- Téigh (tay): to go ag dul (dul) * sometimes gul as in the song
As they are irregular, the best way to get to know them is to use them often.
Vocabulary: rud: thing, éigin: some, liathróid: ball, gléasta suas: dressed up, ceol: music, ró-ard: too high, bronntanas: gift, airgead: money, cara: friend, anocht: tonight, aire: attention,
Let’s put them in sentences
- Tá Síle ag rá rud éigin le Seán.
- Tá sí ag breith ar an liathróid go maith
- Is maith liom a’ bheith gléasta suas.
- Níl muid ag cloisteáil tada mar tá an ceol ró-ard.
- Tá mé ag déanamh bronntanas duit.
Listen and repeat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2akpc8LHKkc
- Tá tú ag fáil airgead inniu.
- Tá sé ag feiceáil a cara anocht.
- Níl mé ag ithe tada.
- Tá sibh ag tabhairt aire mhaith.
- Tá siad ag teacht.
- Níl muid ag dul amach anois.
Listen and repeat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb5NANSAn_M
Try making up your own sentences:
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Lesson 16 Adverbs
Line 16 of the song is Ach ní chodlaíonn mé go sámh.
But I don’t sleep peacefully. Sámh is peaceful. Go sámh is peacefully
Add go to add ly Literally go means to.
Adjective Adverb
Maith = good Go maith = well
Deas = nice Go deas = nicely
Mall = slow Go mall = slowly
Líofa = fluent Go líofa = fluently
Cúramach = careful Go cúramach = carefully
If the adverb starts with a vowel you need to add a h in front of it.
Iontach = wonderful Go hiontach = wonderfully
Ard = high Go hard = highly
Vocabulary:
Mhol (wul): praised
Labhair (lower – rhymes with flower): speak
Tiomáin (tumawn): drive
Sentences:
Rinne sé go maith é. He did it well.
Labhair sé go deas léi. He spoke nicely to her.
Labhair go mall led’ thoil. Speak slowly please.
Labhraíonn tú go hiontach! You speak wonderfully!
Labhraíonn sí go líofa. She speaks fluently.
Tiomáin go cúramach led’ thoil. Drive carefully please.
Mhol siad go hard í. They praised her highly.
Listen and repeat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SYbmFEN0Ug
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Lesson 17 While
Line 17 of the song is Bris amach agus tú fós sách óg. Break away while you’re still young enough. To say while you just need the word for and.
Vocabulary:
ag éisteacht (eg ayshtocht): listening
lena (lena): with his ►to his
ag beathnú (eg brahnoo): looking
a mbricfeasta (a mricfawsta): their breakfast
ag léamh (eg layv): reading
ag cniotáil (eg kunitawl): knitting
tháinig (hawnig): came
chugham (choom): to me
Tá Síle ag rá rud éigin le Seán agus é ag éisteacht lena ipod.
Tá sí ag déanamh a obair bhaile agus í ag breathnú ar an teilifís.
Tá siad ag ithe a mbricfeasta agus iad ag léamh an leabhar.
Tá Seán ag cniotáil agus é ag breathnú ar an nuacht.
Agus mé ag déanamh m’obair bhaile, tháinig inspioráid chugham.
Listen and repeat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TufmR0tCO74
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Lesson18 Against
Line 18 of the song is Chinnigh mé le dul in’ aghaidh..I decided against that. Aghaidh means face. In aghaidh means in the face of. Going in the face of something means going against it. In aghaidh means against. Ina aghaidh means against it. The extra a on ina is the it. In the song it was not heard … in’ aghaidh … but it was understood.
Vocabulary
Smaoineamh: thought
Cogadh: war
an Iaráic: Iraq
Scrúdaithe: exams
Neart: many
Daoine: people
Bás: death
ag imirt: playing
Maigh Eo: Mayo
Tír Eoghain: Tyrone
Tá mé in aghaidh an smaoineamh sin. Tá mé ina aghaidh.
Tá mé in aghaidh an cogadh.
Níl mé in aghaidh scrúdaithe ach ní maith liom iad.
San cogadh in aghaidh an Iaráic, fuair neart daoine bás.
Tá Maigh Eo ag imirt in aghaidh Tír Eoghain.
Listen and repeat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kE0V3tUivWc
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Lesson 19 Seo agus Sin
Line 19 of the song is Bhuel, seo mo ré. Seasfaidh mé an fód. Well, this is my time. I will stand my ground. This lesson is on the word seo and a similar word sin. Seo means this and Sin means that. It is possible to say this is Seo é or Seo í but it is not necessary to include the é or í and that’s good news when you can’t remember if the word is feminine or masculine.
Seo é an leabhar This is the book can be simply written as Seo an leabhar.
Vocabulary
Seo (sho): this
Sin (shin): that
Leabhar (flower without the f): book
Duine (dine): person
Áit (awt): place
Teach (toch): house
Freagra (fragra): answer
Translate:
This is the place.
That’s the person.
That’s the book.
This is the answer.
That’s the house.
Check your answers: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0cneqgaqlQ
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Lesson 20 Ar aghaidh
Line 20 of the song is ‘S leanfaidh mé ar aghaidh. And I will go on. We already studied in aghaidh meaning against. Ar aghaidh means towards or forward or on ahead. Remember that the word aghaidh means face. So to go ar aghaidh means to continue on in the direction you are facing. For this reason it can also be used to mean continue or to keep going.
Lean (lan) : follow
Ar aghaidh (er I) : on
Lean ar aghaidh: keep going.
Ar aghaidh leat!: Go there / Do it
Téigh ar aghaidh go dtí an chéad siopa eile: Go on to the next shop.
Ar aghaidh linn: Off we go!
Listen and repeat:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy43Z3inqPA
ancroiait 
Thank you very much for this! I am going to study it Amanda Armstrong
Sent from my iPad
Thank YOU. I hope it helps. I’ll add more audio to it tomorrow. Good luck!
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Go hiontach!!
GRMA